Papers

CRISPR editing of HPFH3 genotype induces γ-globin expression and reverses sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia phenotypes

Sangam Giri Goswami, Pragya Gupta, V. R. Arvinden, Nupur Bhargava, Aditya Ramdas Iyer, Vinodh Saravanakumar, Poonam Yadav, Somesh K. Jha, Shivani Singh, Ajay Kumar, Praveen Singh, Padma Gunda, Suman Jain, Pallavi Mehta, Yukio Nakamura, Ryo Kurita, Avinash Bajaj, Sivaprakash Ramalingam
Institute for Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi, 110025 India · Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India · Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3Rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001 India · Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Society- Kamala Hospital and Research Centre, Shivarampally, Hyderabad, 5000052 India · Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India · Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource, Research Center, Ibaraki, 3050074 Japan · Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016 India
  • Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
  • Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3Rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001 India
  • Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Society- Kamala Hospital and Research Centre, Shivarampally, Hyderabad, 5000052 India
  • Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Institute and Research Centre, Rohini, Delhi, 110085 India
  • Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource, Research Center, Ibaraki, 3050074 Japan
  • Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering and Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016 India

Summary: Researchers use CRISPR to recreate a naturally protective genetic pattern that increases fetal haemoglobin. Experiments in cells and disease models investigate whether this approach could counter sickle cell disease and beta-thalassaemia. It is a preclinical study, not proof of a new approved treatment.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Genetics · Gene editing · GENE-H727F9BY

Avoiding fusion plasma tearing instability with deep reinforcement learning

Jaemin Seo, SangKyeun Kim, Azarakhsh Jalalvand, Rory Conlin, Andrew Rothstein, Joseph Abbate, Keith Erickson, Josiah Wai, Ricardo Shousha, Egemen Kolemen
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA · Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea · Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ USA · Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
  • Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
  • Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ USA
  • Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA

Summary: A reinforcement-learning controller learns to steer a fusion plasma away from a disruptive instability. Tests on a working tokamak show how predictive control can help sustain promising plasma conditions. The experiment does not demonstrate commercial fusion electricity.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Physics · Fusion plasma control · PHYS-BFLZUEZ3

Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policy

Octo Model Team, Dibya Ghosh, Homer Walke, Karl Pertsch, Kevin Black, Oier Mees, Sudeep Dasari, Joey Hejna, Tobias Kreiman, Ria Doshi, Charles Xu, Jianlan Luo, You Liang Tan, Lawrence Yunliang Chen, Pannag Sanketi, Quan Vuong, Ted Xiao, Dorsa Sadigh, Chelsea Finn, Sergey Levine
UC Berkeley · Stanford · Carnegie Mellon University · Google DeepMind
  • Stanford
  • Carnegie Mellon University
  • Google DeepMind

Summary: Octo is an open-source robot control model trained on demonstrations from different robots. It can be adapted to new tasks with relatively little additional data. The work explores reusable robot skills rather than a robot that can perform every household task.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Robotics · Generalist robot policies · ROBO-0Q9HI5W9

Playing repeated games with large language models

Elif Akata, Lion Schulz, Julian Coda-Forno, Seong Joon Oh, Matthias Bethge, Eric Schulz
Institute for Human-Centered AI, Helmholtz Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany · Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany · University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
  • University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Summary: Researchers compare how language models and people behave in repeated economic games. The experiments examine cooperation, competition and how behaviour changes with instructions, helping assess where AI agents resemble or differ from human decision-making.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Economics · AI and game theory · ECON-E8OIKNRF

AI-generated poetry is indistinguishable from human-written poetry and is rated more favorably

Brian Porter, Edouard Machery
Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA

Summary: Participants compare poems written by famous poets with AI-generated poems. In these experiments, readers often struggle to identify the source and favour some AI poems. The findings concern this particular evaluation and do not settle broader questions about literary creativity.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Humanities · AI-generated poetry · HUMA-9S6Q479P

Surface reconstruction of wide-bandgap perovskites enables efficient perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Zheng Fang, Bingru Deng, Yongbin Jin, Liu Yang, Lisha Chen, Yawen Zhong, Huiping Feng, Yue Yin, Kaikai Liu, Yingji Li, Jinyan Zhang, Jiarong Huang, Qinghua Zeng, Hao Wang, Xing Yang, Jinxin Yang, Chengbo Tian, Liqiang Xie, Zhanhua Wei, Xipeng Xu
Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center for Brittle Materials Machining, Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 PR China · Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 PR China · School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 PR China · Gold Stone (Fujian) Energy Company Limited, Quanzhou, 362005 PR China · Beijing Huairou Laboratory, 101499 Beijing, PR China · Kunshan Shengcheng Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215300 PR China
  • Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 PR China
  • School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 PR China
  • Gold Stone (Fujian) Energy Company Limited, Quanzhou, 362005 PR China
  • Beijing Huairou Laboratory, 101499 Beijing, PR China
  • Kunshan Shengcheng Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215300 PR China

Summary: An engineered treatment improves the light-absorbing surface of perovskite solar cells. Combining these cells with silicon demonstrates highly efficient tandem devices and suggests ways to reduce energy losses in next-generation solar technology.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Materials science · Tandem solar cells · MATE-69PWSH29

Genomic history of early dogs in Europe

Anders Bergström, Anja Furtwängler, Sarah Johnston, Erika Rosengren, Abagail Breidenstein, Thomas Booth, Jesse B McCabe, Jessica Peto, Mia Williams, Monica Kelly, Frankie Tait, Chris Baumann, Rita Radzeviciute, Christopher Barrington, Kyriaki Anastasiadou, Alexandre Gilardet, Isabelle Glocke, Mattias Sherman, Anastasia Brativnyk, Alexander Herbig, Kay Prüfer, Saskia Pfrengle, Joscha Gretzinger, Tatiana R Feuerborn, Ella Reiter, Anna Linderholm, Sophy Charlton, Fernando Racimo, Lea Mikkola, Hugo Anderson-Whymark, Douglas Baird, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Hervé Bocherens, Anne Bridault, Rainer Brocke, Dorothée G Drucker, Andrew S Fairbairn, Laurent Frantz, Boris Gasparyan, Liane Giemsch, Mietje Germonpré, Luc Janssens, Andrew W Kandel, Kurt Kjær, Martina Lázničková-Galetová, Daniel Loponte, Ola Magnell, Louise Martin, Susanne C Münzel, Gökhan Mustafaoğlu, Bjørnar Måge, Angela Perri, Franziska Pfenninger, Martina Roblíčková, Annelise Roman-Binois, Özlem Sarıtaş, Katharina Schäppi, J Alison Sheridan, Karl-Göran Sjögren, Jan Storå, Lasse Vilien Sørensen, Yvonne Tafelmaier, Florian Ter-Nedden, Olaf Thalmann, Greger Larson, Verena J Schuenemann, Johannes Krause, Pontus Skoglund
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK · Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK · Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany · Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund, Sweden · Historical Museum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden · Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden · Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY USA · Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK · Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, UK · Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany · Biogeology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany · Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK · Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK · Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany · Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Centre for Palaeogenetics, Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden · Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK · BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK · Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland · InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland · National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK · Department of Archaeology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK · Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · CNRS UMR 7041 Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, Nanterre, France · Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Frankfurt, Germany · Archaeology, School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia · Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany · National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Yerevan, Armenia · Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia · Archaeological Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany · Jewish Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany · Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium · Department of Archaeology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium · Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Tübingen, Germany · Moravian Museum, Centre for Cultural Anthropology, Brno, Czech Republic · UMR 7194 HNHP (CNRS, MNHN, UPVD), Paris, France · Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Buenos Aires, Argentina · Arkeologerna, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden · Institute of Archeology, University College London, London, UK · Arkeoloji Bölümü, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye · Museum Lolland-Falster, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark · Chronicle Heritage, Phoenix, AZ USA · Kantonsarchäologie Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland · Moravian Museum, Anthropos Institute, Brno, Czech Republic · Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France · Department of Archaeology, Hitit University, Ulukavak, Çorum, Türkiye · BIAA (British Institute at Ankara), Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye · Department of Historical Studies, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden · Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden · The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark · State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Germany · Museum zu Allerheiligen, Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland · Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland · Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria · Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
  • Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
  • Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • Historical Museum, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
  • Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY USA
  • Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
  • Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Biogeology, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
  • Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
  • Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Centre for Palaeogenetics, Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
  • Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  • InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
  • National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
  • Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • CNRS UMR 7041 Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité, Nanterre, France
  • Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Frankfurt, Germany
  • Archaeology, School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
  • National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Yerevan, Armenia
  • Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
  • Archaeological Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
  • Jewish Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
  • Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
  • Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans, Tübingen, Germany
  • Moravian Museum, Centre for Cultural Anthropology, Brno, Czech Republic
  • UMR 7194 HNHP (CNRS, MNHN, UPVD), Paris, France
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Arkeologerna, National Historical Museums, Lund, Sweden
  • Institute of Archeology, University College London, London, UK
  • Arkeoloji Bölümü, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye
  • Museum Lolland-Falster, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
  • Chronicle Heritage, Phoenix, AZ USA
  • Kantonsarchäologie Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
  • Moravian Museum, Anthropos Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
  • Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
  • Department of Archaeology, Hitit University, Ulukavak, Çorum, Türkiye
  • BIAA (British Institute at Ankara), Çankaya, Ankara, Türkiye
  • Department of Historical Studies, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, Tübingen, Germany
  • Museum zu Allerheiligen, Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
  • Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  • Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • Human Evolution and Archaeological Sciences (HEAS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Summary: Ancient DNA from archaeological dog remains helps reconstruct how early dogs spread across Europe. Comparing their genomes with wolves and later dogs clarifies the long history of human companionship and changes in dog ancestry.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Genetics · Ancient dog genomics · GENE-7F6KXJ2Q

Carbon-bearing Molecules in a Possible Hycean Atmosphere

Nikku Madhusudhan, Subhajit Sarkar, Savvas Constantinou, Måns Holmberg, Anjali Piette, Julianne I. Moses
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK · Earth & Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C., USA · Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA
  • School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
  • Earth & Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C., USA
  • Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA

Summary: James Webb Space Telescope spectra reveal methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of K2-18 b. The authors investigate whether this distant planet could have a hydrogen-rich atmosphere above an ocean. The observations do not establish an ocean or life, and a possible sulphur-bearing signal remains tentative.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Planetary science · Exoplanet atmospheres · PLAN-ONHKP5II

Encoding a magic state with beyond break-even fidelity

Riddhi S Gupta, Neereja Sundaresan, Thomas Alexander, Christopher J Wood, Seth T Merkel, Michael B Healy, Marius Hillenbrand, Tomas Jochym-O’Connor, James R Wootton, Theodore J Yoder, Andrew W Cross, Maika Takita, Benjamin J Brown
IBM Quantum, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY USA · IBM Quantum, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA · IBM Deutschland Research & Development, Böblingen, Germany · IBM Quantum, IBM Research Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland · IBM Denmark, Brøndby, Denmark
  • IBM Quantum, Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA USA
  • IBM Deutschland Research & Development, Böblingen, Germany
  • IBM Quantum, IBM Research Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
  • IBM Denmark, Brøndby, Denmark

Summary: Researchers prepare a special resource state on a superconducting quantum processor while detecting errors. The encoded state outperforms an equivalent unprotected physical qubit. This experiment tests a key ingredient needed for universal, fault-tolerant quantum computing.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Physics · Fault-tolerant quantum computing · PHYS-30SY89NR

Personalized RNA neoantigen vaccines stimulate T cells in pancreatic cancer

Luis A Rojas, Zachary Sethna, Kevin C Soares, Cristina Olcese, Nan Pang, Erin Patterson, Jayon Lihm, Nicholas Ceglia, Pablo Guasp, Alexander Chu, Rebecca Yu, Adrienne Kaya Chandra, Theresa Waters, Jennifer Ruan, Masataka Amisaki, Abderezak Zebboudj, Zagaa Odgerel, George Payne, Evelyna Derhovanessian, Felicitas Müller, Ina Rhee, Mahesh Yadav, Anton Dobrin, Michel Sadelain, Marta Łuksza, Noah Cohen, Laura Tang, Olca Basturk, Mithat Gönen, Seth Katz, Richard Kinh Do, Andrew S Epstein, Parisa Momtaz, Wungki Park, Ryan Sugarman, Anna M Varghese, Elizabeth Won, Avni Desai, Alice C Wei, Michael I D’Angelica, T Peter Kingham, Ira Mellman, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D Wolchok, Ugur Sahin, Özlem Türeci, Benjamin D Greenbaum, William R Jarnagin, Jeffrey Drebin, Eileen M O’Reilly, Vinod P Balachandran
Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · BioNTech, Mainz, Germany · Genentech, San Francisco, CA USA · Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA · Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA · Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA · Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA · HI-TRON, Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany · Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
  • Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Computational Oncology Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
  • Genentech, San Francisco, CA USA
  • Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
  • Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
  • Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
  • Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA
  • HI-TRON, Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany
  • Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY USA

Summary: A small early-stage pancreatic cancer trial tests vaccines tailored to mutations in each patient’s tumour. Some patients develop strong immune responses, associated with delayed recurrence. The results support larger trials but do not establish that the vaccine cures cancer.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Medicine · Personalized cancer vaccines · MEDI-9Y5LF6NW

Resolution of Erdős Problem #728: a writeup of Aristotle’s Lean proof

Nat Sothanaphan
Department of Mathematics, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Science (GSAS), New York University

Summary: This manuscript explains an AI-assisted resolution of an Erdős problem about divisibility of factorials. It translates a machine-checked Lean proof into conventional mathematics and documents the roles of the AI tools and human contributors.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Mathematics · AI-assisted number theory · MATH-IKODXCO6

Single crystal synthesis, structure, and magnetism of Pb 10-x Cu x (PO 4 ) 6 O

P. Puphal, M. Y. P. Akbar, M. Hepting, E. Goering, M. Isobe, A. A. Nugroho, B. Keimer
Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany · Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia
  • Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, 40132 Bandung, Indonesia

Summary: Researchers grow and measure single crystals related to LK-99, the material proposed as a room-temperature superconductor. They find insulating behaviour rather than superconductivity. The study shows why magnetic effects alone cannot establish a superconducting breakthrough.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Materials science · Superconductivity and LK-99 · MATE-SW4HQZLE

A small and vigorous black hole in the early Universe

Roberto Maiolino, Jan Scholtz, Joris Witstok, Stefano Carniani, Francesco D’Eugenio, Anna de Graaff, Hannah Übler, Sandro Tacchella, Emma Curtis-Lake, Santiago Arribas, Andrew Bunker, Stéphane Charlot, Jacopo Chevallard, Mirko Curti, Tobias J. Looser, Michael V. Maseda, Timothy D. Rawle, Bruno Rodríguez del Pino, Chris J. Willott, Eiichi Egami, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Kevin N. Hainline, Brant Robertson, Christina C. Williams, Christopher N. A. Willmer, William M. Baker, Kristan Boyett, Christa DeCoursey, Andrew C. Fabian, Jakob M. Helton, Zhiyuan Ji, Gareth C. Jones, Nimisha Kumari, Nicolas Laporte, Erica J. Nelson, Michele Perna, Lester Sandles, Irene Shivaei, Fengwu Sun
Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · Cavendish Laboratory - Astrophysics Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK · Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy · Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany · Centre for Astrophysics Research, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK · Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC–INTA, Madrid, Spain · Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK · Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France · European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany · Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA · European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD USA · NRC Herzberg, Victoria, British Columbia Canada · Steward Observatory University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA · Center for Astrophysics - Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA USA · Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA · NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Tucson, AZ USA · School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia · ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Melbourne, Victoria Australia · Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK · AURA for European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD USA · Department for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
  • Cavendish Laboratory - Astrophysics Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
  • Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
  • Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany
  • Centre for Astrophysics Research, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
  • Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC–INTA, Madrid, Spain
  • Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
  • European Southern Observatory, Garching, Germany
  • Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
  • European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD USA
  • NRC Herzberg, Victoria, British Columbia Canada
  • Steward Observatory University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
  • Center for Astrophysics - Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA USA
  • Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
  • NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Tucson, AZ USA
  • School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
  • ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Melbourne, Victoria Australia
  • Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • AURA for European Space Agency, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD USA
  • Department for Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA

Summary: James Webb Space Telescope observations reveal evidence for an actively growing black hole in GN-z11, a galaxy from the early universe. Its vigorous growth offers clues to how massive black holes formed so soon after the Big Bang.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Astrophysics · Early-universe black holes · ASTR-PFIXFJT1

An Entropic Extension of the Schrödinger Equation Suggests a Route to Gravity

Davood Norouzi
Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran (alma mater · author presently works in the AI industry in the United States)
  • author presently works in the AI industry in the United States)

Summary: Davood Norouzi proposes adding an information-based term to quantum mechanics and explores how gravitational behaviour might emerge from it. The manuscript connects the proposal with gravity, localization and black hole thermodynamics. It presents a theoretical route for further investigation rather than an established theory of quantum gravity.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Physics · Quantum gravity · PHYS-9WSMBAPS

RIBOSPAN: A Long-Context RNA Foundation Model for Versatile RNA Modeling

Ziyuan Wang, Bohao Tang, Fei Zhang, Shuo Han, Pengfei Liu
Shanghai Innovation Institute · Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Generative Artificial Intelligence Research Lab · Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS
  • University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Generative Artificial Intelligence Research Lab
  • Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Summary: RIBOSPAN learns patterns across unusually long RNA sequences. The researchers test whether this broader context improves RNA predictions and helps redesign messenger RNA. This is a computational research model, not a clinically validated treatment.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Bioinformatics · RNA foundation models · BIOI-CFCLNFL8

Decomposition of recalcitrant carbon under experimental warming in boreal forest

Adriana L Romero-Olivares, Steven D Allison, Kathleen K Treseder
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America · Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
  • Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America

Summary: A warming experiment in an Alaskan forest examines how different components of leaf litter break down. Warming and its indirect effects altered the balance of decomposition, showing that soil-carbon responses can be more complicated than a simple increase with temperature.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Environmental science · Forest carbon cycling · ENVI-A030BV6H

Farming on Mars: Treatment of basaltic regolith soil and briny water simulants sustains plant growth

Pooja Kasiviswanathan, Elizabeth D. Swanner, Larry J. Halverson, Paramasivan Vijayapalani
Ames High, Ames, Iowa, United States of America · Department of Geological & Atmospheric Sciences, Ames, Iowa, United States of America · Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
  • Department of Geological & Atmospheric Sciences, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
  • Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America

Summary: Laboratory experiments use alfalfa to improve simulated Martian soil and microbes plus filtration to treat simulated salty water. The treated materials support crop growth, offering an early approach to food production for future missions.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Planetary science · Space agriculture · PLAN-4HIDXK98

Martian biolith: A bioinspired regolith composite for closed-loop extraterrestrial manufacturing

Ng Shiwei, Stylianos Dritsas, Javier G. Fernandez
Engineering Product Development Department, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore · Architecture and Sustainable Design Department, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore
  • Architecture and Sustainable Design Department, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore

Summary: The authors develop a material that combines a biologically derived binder with simulated Martian soil. It could support resource-efficient manufacturing on another planet, although the experiments were performed on Earth.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Materials science · Extraterrestrial manufacturing · MATE-8WF7J4R1

Boron Enrichment in Martian Clay

James D Stephenson, Lydia J Hallis, Kazuhide Nagashima, Stephen J Freeland
NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America · Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
  • Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Summary: Clay in a Martian meteorite contains an unusually high concentration of boron. Because boron can help stabilize a chemical building block of RNA, the finding raises questions about early chemistry on Mars without demonstrating that life existed there.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Planetary science · Martian geochemistry · PLAN-BX86ANC2

The short-term effect of BMI, alcohol use, and related chronic conditions on labour market outcomes: A time-lag panel analysis utilizing European SHARE dataset

Andrea B. Feigl, Yevgeniy Goryakin, Marion Devaux, Aliénor Lerouge, Sabine Vuik, Michele Cecchini
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Global Health and Population, Boston, MA, United States of America · Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France
  • Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France

Summary: European survey data are used to examine how body weight, alcohol use and related chronic conditions relate to employment, retirement intentions and absence from work. The patterns differ between men and women and underline the economic costs associated with chronic illness.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Economics · Health and labour markets · ECON-CRE6KJQY

Asian ageing: The relationship between the elderly population and economic growth in the Asian context

Thaveesha Jayawardhana, Sachini Anuththara, Thamasha Nimnadi, Ridhmi Karadanaarachchi, Ruwan Jayathilaka, Kethaka Galappaththi
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, SLIIT Business School, Malabe, Sri Lanka · Department of Information Management, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, SLIIT Business School, Malabe, Sri Lanka
  • Department of Information Management, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, SLIIT Business School, Malabe, Sri Lanka

Summary: This study compares population ageing and economic growth across 15 Asian countries over several decades. The direction and presence of predictive relationships vary by country, so the results do not support one universal pattern.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Economics · Population ageing · ECON-8RZJVJ0S

Health and economic growth: Evidence from dynamic panel data of 143 years

Rajesh Sharma
University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India

Summary: Using long-run data from 17 advanced economies, this study examines the relationship between population health and economic growth. Its statistical models associate longer life expectancy and education with higher income, while addressing the difficulty of separating cause from feedback.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Economics · Health and economic growth · ECON-RC9FANKT

Expressive intent, ambiguity, and aesthetic experiences of music and poetry

Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis, William H Levine, Rhimmon Simchy-Gross, Carolyn Kroger
Department of Music, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United State of America · Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America · Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
  • Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
  • Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America

Summary: Information about an artist's intentions changes how people experience short excerpts of music and poetry. Positive intentions increased enjoyment of music, while negative intentions could increase appreciation of poetry, suggesting both shared and distinct routes to aesthetic experience.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Psychology · Aesthetic experience · PSYC-7HON9LBO

The Use of “Literary Fiction” to Promote Mentalizing Ability

Maria Chiara Pino, Monica Mazza
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy · Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
  • Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Summary: In an experiment, participants who read literary fiction improved on tests of understanding other people's mental states. The study did not find a comparable improvement in sharing others' emotions, highlighting a distinction between different aspects of empathy.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Psychology · Fiction and social cognition · PSYC-PAUB6HLX

Semantics of European poetry is shaped by conservative forces: The relationship between poetic meter and meaning in accentual-syllabic verse

Artjoms Šeļa, Petr Plecháč, Alie Lassche
Institute of Polish Language, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland · University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia · Institute of Czech Literature, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia · Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
  • University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • Institute of Czech Literature, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
  • Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands

Summary: A computational study of European poetry finds that poetic meters are associated with recurring themes. These links generally weaken over time but remain recognizable, suggesting that literary forms can preserve traditions of meaning across generations.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Humanities · Computational poetics · HUMA-G65JI2WL

The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long Before Neolithic Farming

Ainit Snir, Dani Nadel, Iris Groman-Yaroslavski, Yoel Melamed, Marcelo Sternberg, Ofer Bar-Yosef, Ehud Weiss
The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel · The Zinman Institute of Archaeology, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel · The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel · Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel · Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
  • The Zinman Institute of Archaeology, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
  • The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
  • Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Summary: Plant remains from a 23,000-year-old camp include wild cereals and species now familiar as weeds. The authors interpret this combination as evidence of disturbed ground and possible small-scale cultivation long before established farming.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Archaeology · Origins of agriculture · ARCH-1B4Q8TSC

Ancient DNA from latrines in Northern Europe and the Middle East (500 BC–1700 AD) reveals past parasites and diet

Martin Jensen Søe, Peter Nejsum, Frederik Valeur Seersholm, Brian Lund Fredensborg, Ruben Habraken, Kirstine Haase, Mette Marie Hald, Rikke Simonsen, Flemming Højlund, Louise Blanke, Inga Merkyte, Eske Willerslev, Christian Moliin Outzen Kapel
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark · Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark · Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark · BioArchaeological Research Bureau, Den Haag, The Netherlands · Odense Bys Museer, Odense, Denmark · Centre for Urban Network Evolutions, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark · Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark · Museum of Copenhagen, Copenhagen V, Denmark · Moesgaard Museum, Højbjerg, Denmark · Department of Archaeology, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark · The Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen S, Denmark · Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, United Kingdom · Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
  • Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
  • BioArchaeological Research Bureau, Den Haag, The Netherlands
  • Odense Bys Museer, Odense, Denmark
  • Centre for Urban Network Evolutions, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Højbjerg, Denmark
  • Environmental Archaeology and Materials Science, National Museum of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
  • Museum of Copenhagen, Copenhagen V, Denmark
  • Moesgaard Museum, Højbjerg, Denmark
  • Department of Archaeology, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • The Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen S, Denmark
  • Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Summary: DNA recovered from ancient latrines reveals parasites, foods and animals associated with past communities in Europe and the Middle East. These traces provide evidence about diet, sanitation and human contact with domestic animals.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Archaeology · Ancient diet and parasites · ARCH-BII3FI25

Comparing Ancient DNA Preservation in Petrous Bone and Tooth Cementum

Henrik B Hansen, Peter B Damgaard, Ashot Margaryan, Jesper Stenderup, Niels Lynnerup, Eske Willerslev, Morten E Allentoft
Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Unit of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom · Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Unit of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
  • Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  • Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Summary: Researchers compare ancient DNA recovered from a dense skull bone and the outer layer of tooth roots from the same people. Both can be useful, but preservation varies between sites and specimens, which matters when choosing a sampling method.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Archaeology · Ancient DNA preservation · ARCH-DBZ8BFX5

The effect of strontium and silicon substituted hydroxyapatite electrochemical coatings on bone ingrowth and osseointegration of selective laser sintered porous metal implants

Aadil Mumith, Vee San Cheong, Paul Fromme, Melanie J. Coathup, Gordon W. Blunn
Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedics Hospital, Stanmore, England, United Kingdom · Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom · Department of Automatic Controls and Systems Engineering & Insigneo Institute of in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom · College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America · School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom
  • Department of Automatic Controls and Systems Engineering & Insigneo Institute of in silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
  • College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
  • School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, England, United Kingdom

Summary: This study tests mineral coatings on porous metal bone implants in sheep. Coatings applied electrochemically reached internal surfaces and improved bone attachment compared with uncoated or plasma-sprayed implants.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Biomedical engineering · Bone implants · BIOM-F9W6M09W

Oxidative modification and electrochemical inactivation of Escherichia coli upon cold atmospheric pressure plasma exposure

Marlène Dezest, Anne-Laure Bulteau, Damien Quinton, Laurent Chavatte, Mickael Le Bechec, Jean Pierre Cambus, Stéphane Arbault, Anne Nègre-Salvayre, Franck Clément, Sarah Cousty
UMR 5254, IPREM, Université de Pau et des pays de l’Adour, Pau, France · NSysA group, ENSCBP, CNRS UMR 5255, ISM, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France · INSERM UMR-1048 I2MC, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France · Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Toulouse, centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
  • NSysA group, ENSCBP, CNRS UMR 5255, ISM, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
  • INSERM UMR-1048 I2MC, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
  • Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire de Toulouse, centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

Summary: Researchers examine how a cold plasma treatment damages and kills E. coli bacteria. They find changes to membranes and proteins, with the effects depending on the treatment gas, exposure time and storage afterward.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Microbiology · Plasma sterilization · MICR-C1FGDOLE

Fabrication of gold/graphene nanostructures modified ITO electrode as highly sensitive electrochemical detection of Aflatoxin B1

Ismail I Althagafi, Saleh A Ahmed, Waleed A El-Said
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia · Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

Summary: A sensor made with gold nanostructures and graphene detects small amounts of a fungal toxin that can contaminate food. Laboratory tests demonstrate sensitive measurements, including in prepared food samples.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Chemistry · Electrochemical biosensors · CHEM-J5A31UIN

Recognition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters using convolutional deep learning neural networks

Ramzan Kh. Umarov, Victor V. Solovyev
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia · Softberry Inc., Mount Kisco, United States of America
  • Softberry Inc., Mount Kisco, United States of America

Summary: The authors train neural networks to recognize DNA regions that help start gene activity in humans, mice, plants and bacteria. Their results show that the networks can learn useful sequence patterns without researchers specifying every biological rule in advance.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Genetics · Promoter recognition · GENE-0VPPTF2Y

An attention based deep learning model of clinical events in the intensive care unit

Deepak A. Kaji, John R. Zech, Jun S. Kim, Samuel K. Cho, Neha S. Dangayach, Anthony B. Costa, Eric K. Oermann
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Orthopaedics, New York, NY, United States of America · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, United States of America
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurological Surgery, New York, NY, United States of America
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, United States of America

Summary: A neural network uses intensive-care records to predict events such as sepsis and highlight which earlier measurements influenced its predictions. The study also finds that the model can learn clues about doctors' decisions, an important limitation when interpreting its output.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Artificial intelligence · Clinical prediction · ARTI-3NS6GW23

SleepEEGNet: Automated sleep stage scoring with sequence to sequence deep learning approach

Sajad Mousavi, Fatemeh Afghah, U Rajendra Acharya
School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America · Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore · Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Summary: SleepEEGNet learns to identify sleep stages from a single channel of brain-wave recordings. Tests on public sleep datasets suggest that it could help specialists with time-consuming scoring, although clinical use would require further evaluation.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Neuroscience · Automated sleep staging · NEUR-O9D57L0O

Quantum simulation of particle creation in curved space-time

Raphael P. Schmit, Bruno G. Taketani, Frank K. Wilhelm
Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany · Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
  • Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil

Summary: The authors propose a semiconductor experiment that imitates aspects of particle creation near a black hole. Moving sound waves and tiny electron traps could provide a laboratory analogue, rather than an observation of an actual black hole.

Submitted by Niels Bohr · · Physics · Quantum simulation · PHYS-68VCPDTV

A versatile quantum walk resonator with bright classical light

Bereneice Sephton, Angela Dudley, Gianluca Ruffato, Filippo Romanato, Lorenzo Marrucci, Miles Padgett, Sandeep Goyal, Filippus Roux, Thomas Konrad, Andrew Forbes
School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa · CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa · Department of Physics and Astronomy G. Galilei, University of Padova, Padova, Italy · CNR-INFM TASC IOM National Laboratory, Trieste, Italy · Dipartimento di Fisica, University di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy · SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom · Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India · National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa · School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
  • CSIR National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria, South Africa
  • Department of Physics and Astronomy G. Galilei, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
  • CNR-INFM TASC IOM National Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
  • Dipartimento di Fisica, University di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Napoli, Italy
  • SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
  • National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
  • School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

Summary: An optical resonator uses bright classical light to reproduce the spreading patterns of quantum walks. The experiment offers a flexible way to explore these patterns without adding new optical components for every additional step.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Physics · Quantum optics · PHYS-A78TU7OT

Pseudo-chemotaxis of active Brownian particles competing for food

Holger Merlitz, Hidde D. Vuijk, René Wittmann, Abhinav Sharma, Jens-Uwe Sommer
Institut Theorie der Polymere, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany · Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany · Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Dresden, Germany
  • Institut für Theoretische Physik II, Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
  • Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Dresden, Germany

Summary: Computer simulations show that self-propelled particles can collect more food than otherwise identical passive particles after a short food burst. This advantage can emerge from simple physical motion without sensors or deliberate navigation.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Physics · Active matter · PHYS-BY9WDDP6

Cryo-EM structure of the adenosine A2A receptor coupled to an engineered heterotrimeric G protein

Javier García-Nafría, Yang Lee, Xiaochen Bai, Byron Carpenter, Christopher G Tate
MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom

Summary: Researchers used electron microscopy to map a cell-surface receptor together with the protein complex that carries its signal into the cell. The structure reveals both stable contacts and flexible regions that help explain how this molecular switch works.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Biophysics · Structural biology · BIOP-STBVB41Z

Gut microbiome diversity is associated with sleep physiology in humans

Robert P Smith, Cole Easson, Sarah M Lyle, Ritishka Kapoor, Chase P Donnelly, Eileen J Davidson, Esha Parikh, Jose V Lopez, Jaime L Tartar
Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale FL, United States of America · Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States of America · Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
  • Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States of America
  • Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America

Summary: This study links a more diverse gut microbiome with longer and more efficient sleep in a group of human participants. The findings describe associations, so they do not establish that changing gut bacteria will improve sleep.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Neuroscience · Sleep and the gut microbiome · NEUR-G3BYQMU5

Quantitative PCR provides a simple and accessible method for quantitative microbiota profiling

Ching Jian, Panu Luukkonen, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Anne Salonen, Katri Korpela
Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland · Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland · Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  • Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
  • Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Summary: Researchers show how a standard laboratory test can add actual bacterial counts to microbiome sequencing results. This helps avoid misleading conclusions that arise when studies compare percentages without knowing how many bacteria are present.

Submitted by Rosalind Franklin · · Microbiology · Microbiome profiling · MICR-BRG0PYIN

Engineering a circular protein

Davood Norouzi, Mira Rahimi, Daniel Mercer
Papyrus Demo Research Group

Summary: This sample paper demonstrates how Papyrus presents scientific text, figures, tables, and interactive 3D content. The material is illustrative and does not report new research.

Submitted by Ludwig Boltzmann · · Biophysics · Protein engineering · BIOP-H9EKJ8WM